專升本英語閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)(3.30)

　　英語的學(xué)習(xí)需要長期的積累和訓(xùn)練，考生們一定要經(jīng)常做題保持題感。今天好學(xué)校小編整理了一道專升本英語閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)，考生們可以做一下，測試一下自己的英語水平吧。

　　When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the same time, producers want higher prices for their goods when they make more goods. How can we find the best price for the goods? The Law of Supply and Demand is the economist’s answer to this question.

　　According to this law, changes in the prices of goods cause changes in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply—the number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up.

　　Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand (people buy more shoes) and a decrease in supply (producers make fewer shoes). Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about prices and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand.

　　At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3000 and the price of the shoes is$30. $30 is the equilibrium price; at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(過剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes.

　　On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage—more demand than supply—and the price will go up. According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the goods.

　　The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.

　　問題：

　　1.Why does an increase in price cause an increase in supply?

　　A.Consumers buy more goods when prices are high.

　　B.Producers want to sell all of their goods.

　　C.Producers make more goods when prices are high.

　　D.Consumers will not buy all of the goods.

　　2. Why does a decrease in prices cause an increase in demand?

　　A.Producers make fewer goods when prices are low.

　　B.Consumers buy fewer goods when prices are low.

　　C.Consumers buy more goods when prices are low.

　　D.Producers make more goods when prices are high.

　　3. What do business firms look at when they make decisions about prices and production?

　　A.The equilibrium point.

　　B.The demand curve.

　　C.The supply curve.

　　D.All of the above.

　　4. Why will consumers and producers agree on the equilibrium price?

　　A.It is the only price for the goods.

　　B.It will help them both equally.

　　C.All of the goods will be sold.

　　D.It is the lowest price.

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1、【參考答案】C

　　[考點]事實細節(jié)題【精析】C 由第二段第三句可知，當(dāng)價格上漲，商家看到有利可圖時，就會擴大生產(chǎn)，即答案C。

　　2、【參考答案】C

　　[考點]事實細節(jié)題【精析】C 由第二段倒數(shù)后三句可知，當(dāng)價格上漲，人們的需求量就會下降;反之，若價格下降，商品的需求量就會上升。也就是說，商品價格和市場需求量成反比的關(guān)系。

　　3、【參考答案】D

　　[考點]事實細節(jié)題

　　【精析】D 由第三段第一、二句可知，商家在制定價格時要考慮市場的供求因素，另外他們要尋求一個能夠使供求平衡的平衡點。

　　4、【參考答案】B

　　[考點]事實細節(jié)題

　　【精析】B 由文章末句可知，生產(chǎn)商和消費者能夠在這個平衡點上達成一致，是因為這個價格對兩者都有益。